Effect of hard magnetic ferrite (Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe12O19) nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of the (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase

Abstract To manifest the effect of hard magnetic Ba 0.5 Sr Fe 12 O 19 nanoparticles on mechanical performance (Bi,Pb)-2223 superconducting phase, nano-(Ba ) x /Bi 1.8 Pb 0.4 2 Ca Cu 3.2 10+δ , with = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 wt%, were synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data revealed that adding to host phase preserved orthorhombic structure. porosity ( P %) calculations decrease until 0.04 which suggests addition reduces number voids improves inter-grain connections, as confirmed by SEM micrographs. transition temperature T c increased 112 K inclusion up wt%. Vickers microhardness H V measurements conducted at various applied loads (0.245–9.800 N) duration time 45 s. wt% but then decreased further addition. Various models employed for analysis modelling hardness versus test load (F), including Meyer’s law, Hays–Kendall (H–K) model, elastic/plastic deformation (EPD) proportional sample resistance (PSR) modified (MPSR), indentation-induced cracking (IIC) model. It was found PSR model most appropriate theoretical describing /(Bi,Pb)-2223 composites. Moreover, elastic modulus E ), yield strength Y fracture toughness brittleness index B stiffness coefficient C 11) estimated function . Furthermore, indentation creep (time-dependent microhardness) dislocation mechanism exists in composite samples low concentrations < 0.05 wt%), whereas climbs observed ≥